Cross-cultural Learning of Muslim Youth via Arts and Culture in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand
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Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate cross-cultural learning of Muslim youth via arts and culture in the three southern border provinces of Thailand. Data were collected through documentation, observation, and in-depth interviews. Muslim youth were selected from the offices of non-formal and informal education in Mueang Pattani district, Pattani province, Sungai Kolok district, Narathiwas province and Betong district, Yala province. Observation and in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 Muslim youth and 6 Buddhist youth aged between 15 and 25, 7 academics and 8 guardians of Muslim youth. Afterwards triangulation was performed for data validity, and descriptive analysis was conducted.
The study found that most Muslim youth have learning experience in Thai, Chinese and Western art and culture. Most youth have direct learning experience in Thai and Chinese arts and culture because Thai Buddhist, Chinese, and Muslim live in the same community Thus, Muslim youth learn Thai arts and culture through craftsmanship, performance, costume and Thai temple architecture and traditional festivals. They learn Chinese arts and culture from performance, Chinese shrine architecture and annual traditional festivals. However, they have indirect experience in Western arts and culture as there are only a few Westerners in the area. Therefore, they learn arts from the media. Most Muslim youth undertakes cross-cultural learning for social purposes rather than for behavioral adaptation except for behavior that is not against Islamic principles and advised by religious leaders. The learning methods used are similar whether they are for listening, watching images, and reading texts on television, computer and cellphone; reading and looking at printed media; or listening to knowledgeable persons and visiting actual places. Cellphones are the most popular learning tool while cross-cultural learning is achieved through the use of media and various methods, particularly learning from the actual places.
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