An Assessment of Hotels and Resorts Use of the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System as a Tool to Achieve Environmentally Sustainable Operations
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
This study used an in-depth qualitative instrumental case study research approach to empirically examine the hotels and resorts located around the world that have implemented an ISO 14001 certified environmental management system (EMS) as a tool to manage their operations in an environmentally sustainable manner. The study period was from 1990 to 2021. The qualitative data was analyzed by document analysis. The case study revealed that hotels located in Australia, throughout Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and the United States have implemented the ISO 14001 based environmental management system. The earliest adoption of an ISO certified environmental management system by a case firm dated back to the late 1990s. Over the study period, several major hotel chains, such as Hilton Worldwide, ibis and Swissôtel, have certified their environmental management systems in accordance with the ISO 14001 standards. The case study found that individual hotels have also implemented ISO 14001 certified environmental management systems, this was especially so in Europe. Since the release of the ISO 14001:2015 environmental management system standard, seven hotels or hotel groups have adopted this standard. The use of an ISO 14001 certified environmental management system underpins the hotel and resorts environmentally sustainable operations. The case study showed that as part of their environmental management policy, many hotels are focusing on energy optimization, energy saving measures, water consumption minimization, and sustainable waste management. Many hotels are now recycling or re-using wastes
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ลิขสิทธิ์ต้นฉบับที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารเพื่อการพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวสู่ความยั่งยืน ถือเป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ของโรงเรียนการท่องเที่ยวและการบริการ มหาวิทยาลัยสวนดุสิต ห้ามผู้ใดนำข้อความทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วนไปพิมพ์ซ้ำ เว้นแต่จะได้รับอนุญาตอย่างเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากโรงเรียนการท่องเที่ยวและการบริการ มหาวิทยาลัยสวนดุสิต นอกจากนี้ เนื้อหาที่ปรากฎในบทความเป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียน ทั้งนี้ไม่รวมความผิดพลาดอันเกิดจากเทคนิคการพิมพ์
References
Altis Avenida Hotel. (2014). Altis Avenid renews Environmental Certification ISO 14001. Retrieved from https://www.altishotels.com/DE/Nachrichten/tags/Environmental/.
Andrew, D.P.S., Pedersen, P.M. & McEvoy CD. (2011). Research methods and design in sport management. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Autin, G. (2020). What are sustainable hotel operations? Retrieved from https://www.hospitalitynet.org/explainer/4101989.html.
Bansal, P., & Bogner, W.C. (2002). Deciding on ISO 14001: Economics, Institutions, and Context. Long Range Planning, 35(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(02)00046-8
Baxter, G. (2021). Mitigating an airport’s carbon footprint through the use of “green” technologies: The case of Brisbane and Melbourne Airports, Australia. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 6(6), 29-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.66.4
Baxter, G. & Srisaeng, P. (2020). Environmentally sustainable hotel operations: The case of the Shangri-La Group. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Development, 2(2), 1-26.
Bohdanowicz, P., Zientara, P., & Novotna, E. (2011). International hotel chains and environmental protection: An analysis of Hilton's we care! programme (Europe, 2006–2008). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 797-816. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.549566
Bravi, L., Santos, G., Pagano, A., & Murmura, F. (2020). Environmental management system according to ISO 14001:2015 as a driver to sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2599-2614. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1985
Briggs, S.L.K. (2007). ISO 14001 hits 10-year mark. Quality Progress, 40(8), 67-68.
Business Today. (2015). Jetwing Hotels awarded ISO 14001 certification. Retrieved from https://businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=8252&hl=.
Campos, L.M.S., Aparecida de Melo Heizen, D., Verdinelli, M.A., & Cauchick Miguel, P.A. (2015). Environmental performance indicators: a study on ISO 14001 certified companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 99, 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.019
Chan, E.S.W. & Hawkins, R. (2012). Application of EMSs in a hotel context: A case study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 405-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.016
Chan, W.W. (2009). Environmental measures for hotels' environmental management systems: ISO 14001. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(5), 542-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910967791
Chang, E.W., & Wong, S.C.K. (2006). Motivations for ISO 14001 in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 27(3), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.007
Chen, J.S., Legrand, W., & Sloan, P. (2005). Environmental Performance Analysis of German hotels. Tourism Review International, 9(1), 61-68.
Chengcai, T., Qianqian, Z., Nana, Q., Yan, S, Shushu, W., & Ling, F. (2017). A review of green development in the tourism industry. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 8(5), 449-459. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2017.05.002
Chin, K., Chiu, S., & Rao Tummala, V.M. (1999). An evaluation of success factors using the AHP to implement ISO 14001‐based EMS. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 16(4), 341-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656719910248226
Choi, H., Jang, J., & Kandampully, J. (2015). Application of the extended VBN theory to understand consumers’ decisions about green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.08.004
Christini, G., Fetsko, M., & Hendrickson, C. (2004). Environmental Management Systems and ISO 14001 certification for construction firms. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(3), 330–336. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:3(330)
Ciravegna, L.M., & da Fonseca, M. (2015). ISO 14001:2015: An improved tool for sustainability. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(1), 37-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1298
Cordis Hotels and Resorts. (2021). Environment. Retrieved from https://www.cordishotels.com/en/hong-kong/overview/corporate-social-responsibility/environment/.
Curkovic, S., & Sroufe, R. (2011). Using ISO 14001 to promote a sustainable supply chain strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20(2), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.671
de Vries, H.J, Bayramoglu, D.K, & van der Wiele, A. (2012). Business and environmental impact of ISO 14001. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29(4), 425–435). doi:10.1108/02656711211224866
del-Val Segarra-Oña, M., Peiró-Signes, A., Verma, R., & Miret-Pastor, L. (2012). Does environmental certification help the economic performance of hotels? Evidence from the Spanish Hotel Industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(3), 242-256. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1938965512446417
Dentch, M.P. (2016). The ISO 14001: 2015 implementation handbook: using the process approach to build an environmental management system. Milwaukee: ASQ Quality Press.
Divecha, D. (2016). 16 Rotana hotels in the UAE ISO 14001-certified. Retrieved from https://www.hoteliermiddleeast.com/operations/back-of-house/27324-16-rotana-hotels-in-the-uae-iso-14001-certified.
Dunas Hotels & Resorts. (2021). Dunas Hotels & Resorts is awarded ISO Standard Certifications. Retrieved from https://www.hotelesdunas.com/en/news/quality-certification-iso/.
Elliot, M. (2016). Rotana attains ISO 14001 certification for 16 UAE hotels. Retrieved from https://www.traveldailymedia.com/rotana-attains-iso-14001-certification-for-16-uae-hotels/.
Florido, C., Jacob, M., & Payeras, M. (2019). How to carry out the transition towards a more circular tourist activity in the hotel sector. The role of innovation. Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020047
Fuerte Group Hotels. (2021). Environmental measures. Retrieved from https://www.fuertehoteles.com/en/el-fuerte-group/hotels-sustainable/environmental-measures/.
Glynn, M.A., Lockwood, C., & Raffaelli, R. (2015). Staying the same while changing: Organizational identity in the face of environmental challenges. In R. Henderson, R. Gulati & M. Tushman (Eds.), Leading sustainable change: An organizational perspective (pp. 143-170). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Grand Hotel Excelsior Vittoria. (2021). GBAC StarTM. Retrieved from https://www.exvitt.it/green-en.html.
Grandy, G. (2010). Instrumental case study. In: A.J. Mills, G. Durepos & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of case study research, Volume 1 (pp. 473-475). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Grover, R.C., & Grover, S. (2017). Winning the environmental challenge with ISO 14001: 2015: Implementation of environmental management system. Chennai: Notion Press.
Heras‐Saizarbitoria, I., & Boiral, O. (2013). ISO 9001 and ISO 14001: Towards a Research Agenda on Management System Standards. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00334.x
Heras‐Saizarbitoria, I., Landín, G.A. & Molina‐Azorín, J.F. (2011). Do drivers matter for the benefits of ISO 14001? International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 31(2), 192-216.
Holland, A.L., Grant, C., & Donthamsetty, R. (2018). An Instrumental Case Study on Testing an Integrated Framework for Tutoring Sessions. The Qualitative Report, 23(3), 557-580.
Hospitality News. (2011). Hilton Worldwide earns ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications for quality and environmental management. Retrieved from https://hospitality-on.com/en/sustainable-development-csr/one-largest-volume-certifications-awarded-commercial-buildings.
Host Hotels & Resorts. (2021a). Company overview and strategy. Retrieved from https://www.hosthotels.com/our-company/company-overview.
Host Hotels & Resorts. (2021b). Host receives ISO certification of its environmental management system. Retrieved from https://www.hosthotels.com/news/corporate-responsibility/2017/host-receives-iso-certification-of-its-environmental-management-system.
Hotel News Resource. (2002). The Gran Meliá Victoria Hotel in Palma De Majorca, Spain, achieves ISO 9001 Quality and ISO 14001 Environmental Management Certification. Retrieved from https://www.hotelnewsresource.com/article4604.html.
Hoteliers Hotel, Travel & Hospitality News. (2008). Ibis: leading environmental certification in Europe. Retrieved from https://www.4hoteliers.com/news/story/4777.
Hotel Berlin. (2021). Awards & recognitions. Retrieved from https://www.hotel-berlin.de/en/awards-recognition.
Hotel Online. (2002). The Gran Meliá Don Pepe Hotel awarded EMAS and ISO 14001 Environmental Management Certification. Retrieved from https://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2002_1st/Feb02_MeliaDonPepe.html.
Hotels Viva and Resorts. (2020). Management policy. Retrieved from https://www.hotelsviva.com/hubfs/WEB/PDF/EN_Pol%C3%ADtica%20de%20Gesti%C3%B3n%202020.pdf.
Interglobe Hotels. (2021). Certification. Retrieved from https://www.interglobehotels.com/certification.html.
International Organization for Standardization. (2015). ISO 14001:2015 published. Retrieved from https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc207sc1/home/news/content-left-area/news-and-updates/iso-140012015-published.html.
International Organization for Standardization. (2021). ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/60857.html.
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. (2012). Biodiversity: My hotel in action: A guide to sustainable use of biological resources in the Caribbean. Gland: IUCN.
Imtiaz Haider, S. (2010). Environmental management system ISO 14001: 2004. Handbook of transition with CD rom. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Jauhari, V.J. (2014). Introduction. In V.J. Jauhari (Ed.), Managing sustainability in the hospitality and tourism industry: Paradigms and directions for the future (pp. xv11-xxx). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Jones, P., Hillier, D., & Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2012-0180
Karantzavelou, V. (2018). Dusit Princess Srinakarin Bangkok earns ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Certifications for Quality and Environmental Management. Retrieved from https://www.traveldailynews.asia/dusit-princess-srinakarin-bangkok-earns-iso-9001-and-iso-14.
Kitazawa, S., & Sarkis, J. (2000). The relationship between ISO 14001 and continuous source reduction programs. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(2), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570010304279
Koe, P.J., & Chia, A. (2010). Developing a common framework for tracking corporate environmental performance and establishing an environmental code of conduct for the hotel industry in Singapore. In L.H. Lye., G. Ofori., L.C. Malone-Lee., V.R. Savage., & Y.P Ting (Eds), Sustainability matters: Environmental management in Asia (pp. 33.61). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Lacalle, E. (2021). The best sustainability trends and initiatives for hotels. Retrieved from https://www.mews.com/en/blog/sustainability-in-hotels.
Laframboise, K.L., & Shea, K. (2009). Developing understanding of research-based pedagogy with preservice teachers: An instrumental case study. The Qualitative Report, 14(1), 105-128.
Laskurain, I., Ibarloza, A., Larrea, A., & Allur, E. (2017). Contribution to energy management of the main standards for Environmental Management Systems: The case of ISO 14001 and EMAS. Energies, 10(11), 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111758
Lee, J.S., Hsu, L.T., Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). Understanding how consumers view green hotels: How a hotel's green image can influence behavioural intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(7), 901-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003777747
Lee, W.H., & Cheng, C.C. (2018). Less is more: A new insight for measuring service quality of green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 68, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.09.005
Liu, J., Yuan, C., Hafeez, M., & Li, X. (2020). ISO 14001 certification in developing countries: Motivations from trade and environment. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(7), 1241-1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1649642
MacDonald, J.P. (2005). Strategic sustainable development1 using the ISO 14001 Standard. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(6), 631-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.06.001
Majestic Hotel & Spa. (2019). Quality and environmental policy. Retrieved from https://majestichotelgroup.com/en/barcelona/hotel-majestic/quality-and-environment.
Mensah, I. (2007). Environmental management and sustainable tourism development: The case of hotels in Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 6, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rlp.5100039
Morrow, D., & Rodinelli, D. (2002). Adopting Corporate Environmental Management Systems: motivations and results of ISO 14001 and EMAS certification. European Management Journal, 20(2), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(02)00026-9
New World Millennium Hong Kong Hotel. (2021). Sustainability. Retrieved from https://newworldmillenniumhotel.com/en/sustainability/.
NH Hotel Group. (2021a). Green certificates. Retrieved from https://www.nh-hotels.com/corporate/responsible-and-sustainable-company/sustainability/sustainable-hotels/green-certificates.
NH Hotel Group. (2021b). Our history. Retrieved from https://www.nh-hotels.com/corporate/about-nh.
Nordic Choice Hotels. (2020). WeCare 2019 report. Retrieved from https://www.nordicchoicehotels.com/globalassets/global/csr/annual-report-pdf/annual-report-wecare-2019.pdf.
Nordic Choice Hotels. (2021b). Sustainable operations. Retrieved from https://www.nordicchoicehotels.com/social-responsibility-in-nordic-choice-hotels/sustainable-operations/.
Nordic Choice Hotels. (2021b). WeCare - Sustainability at Nordic Choice Hotels. Retrieved from https://www.nordicchoicehotels.com/social-responsibility-in-nordic-choice-hotels/.
Oliveira, J.A., Oliveira, O.J., Ometto, A.R., Ferraudo, A.S., & Salgado, M.H. (2011). Environmental management system ISO 14001 factors for promoting the adoption of cleaner production practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 1384-1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.013
Parambil, M.A. (2020). Hotel industry and environmental impact. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/AMALDASKH/hotel-industry-and-environmental-impact.
Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall. (2021a). About us. Retrieved from https://www.peachthailand.com/about-us/.
Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall. (2021b). Environmental initiatives. Retrieved from https://www.peachthailand.com/environmental-initiatives/.
Pedersen, M.S., Landheim, A., Møller, M. & Lien, L. (2018). Acting on audit & feedback: A qualitative instrumental case study in mental health services in Norway. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2862-y
Peršić-Živadinov, I. (2009). The environmental and economic impact of sustainable hotels. Economic Research, 22(2), 98-110. https://hrcak.srce.hr/38214
Peršić-Živadinov I., & Blažević, B. (2010). Sustainable hotels: Sustainable life cycle practice
in Croatian hotels. Conference Proceedings Faculty of tourism and hospitality management in Opatija. Biennial international congress: Tourism & hospitality Industry (pp.161-177).
Peters, G.P., Andrew, R.M., Boden, T., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Le Quéré, C., Marland, G., Raupach, M.R. & Wilson, C. (2013). The challenge to keep global warming below 2 °C. Nature Climate Change, 3, 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1783
Pun, K.F. & Hui, I.K. (2001). An analytical hierarchy process assessment of the ISO 14001 environmental management system. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 12(5), 333-345. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005711
Radisson Blu. (2018). Radisson Blue Hotel ISO 14001. Retrieved from https://nezeh.com/radisson-blu-iso-14001/.
Redmond, J. (2013). ibis Ambassador hotels gain ISO certification. Retrieved from https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/10/113_139372.html.
Rezaee, Z., & Choi, E.K. (2017). The relevance of business sustainability in the hotel industry. In M.A. Gardetti & A.L. Torres (Eds), Sustainability in hospitality: How innovative hotels are transforming the industry (pp. 25-40). Abingdon: Routledge.
Rokou, T. (2012). Sheraton Hua Hin Resort & Spa obtains both the ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certifications. Retrieved from https://www.traveldailynews.asia/sheraton-hua-hin-resort-spa-obtains-both-the-iso-90012008-a.
Sartor, M., Orzes, G., & Moras, E. (2019) ISO 14001. In M. Sartor & G. Orzes (Eds.), Quality Management: Tools, methods, and standards (pp.199-216). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Sartor, M., Orzes, G., Touboulic, A., Culot, G., & Nassimbeni, G. (2020). ISO 14001 standard: Literature review and theory-based research agenda. Quality Management Journal, 26(1), 32-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2018.1542288
Scott, J. (2004). Documents, types of. In: M. Lewis-Beck, A.E. Bryman. & T. Futing Liao (Eds.), The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods (pp. 281-284). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Scott, J. (2014). A dictionary of sociology (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scott, J. & Marshall G. (2009). A dictionary of sociology (3rd ed.). Oxford; Oxford University Press.
Shangri-La Hotel, Tokyo. (2012). Shangri-La Hotel, Tokyo becomes the first hotel in Japan to receive Integrated Management System certification after achieving ISO 9001, ISO14001 and ISO22000. Retrieved from http://www.shangri-la.com/tokyo/shangrila/press-room/press-releases/ims-2012/.
Shehabi, E. (2016). Application of the new version of the environmental management system, the
impact on enterprise development. Anglisticum Journal, 5(5), 85–91.
Sheraton Hanoi Hotel. (2010). Sheraton Hanoi Hotel to receive ISO 14001:2004 EMS Certification. Retrieved from https://sheratonhanoihotelexcitingmoments.blogspot.com/2010/06/sheraton-hanoi-hotel-to-receive-iso_5583.html.
Sloan, P., Legrand, W., & Chen, J.S. (2013). Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Principles of sustainable operations (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
Sorooshian, S., & Ting, K.C. (2018). Reasons for implementing ISO 14001 in Malaysia. Environmental Quality Management, 27(4), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21561
Škurla, R., Kolar, V., & Takač, A. (2002). Environmental management system: Current airline trends and practices in the EU with prospects for Croatia. Retrieved from https://www.bib.irb.hr/80746/download/80746.kurla_ISEP2002.doc.
Sofitel Brisbane Central Hotel. (2015). Sofitel Brisbane Central achieves ISO 14001 accreditation. Retrieved from https://www.mynewsdesk.com/sg/accorhotels/pressreleases/sofitel-brisbane-central-achieves-iso-14001-accreditation-1134460.
Sorell Hotel Group. (2021). Green hotel: Sustainability and fair trade. Retrieved from https://sorellhotels.com/sustainability.
Stake, R.E. (1995). I. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Stake, R.E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In: N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443-466). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Steigenberger Hotels Europe. (2018). Steigenberger Hotels Europe. Retrieved from https://nezeh.com/steigenberger-hotels-europe/.
Summers Raines, S. (2002). Implementing ISO 14001—An international survey assessing the benefits of certification. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(4), 418-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1066-7938(02)00009-X
Sun International. (2021). Sun City is an ISO 14001 accredited business. Retrieved from https://www.suninternational.com/sun-city/stories/travel/sun-city-is-an-iso-14001-accredited-business/.
Susanto, A. & Mulyono, N.D. (2017). The transitional change on the implementation of ISO 14001:2015 in copper ore mill – case study. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 8(5), 37-49. Swissôtel. (2021a). About Swissôtel. Retrieved from https://www.swissotel.com/about-swissotel/.
Swissôtel. (2021b). ISO certification. Retrieved from swissotel.com/about-swissotel/sustainability/certification/.
Swissôtel. (2021c). Managing sustainably. Retrieved from http://swissotel-sustainability.com/Home2/ManagingSustainabilityStart/ContinousImprovement.
THB Hotels. (2021). We renew our ISO 9001 and 14001 certifications. Retrieved from https://www.thbhotels.com/en/news/renewal-of-our-iso-9001-and-14001-certificates.
The Mira Hong Kong. (2021a). A part of design minded community. Retrieved from https://www.themirahotel.com/member-of-design-hotels/.
The Mira Hong Kong. (2021b). Shaping greener tomorrow at the ISO-certified hotel. Retrieved from https://www.themirahotel.com/portfolios/environmental-policy/.
The Roscioli Hotels Group. (2021). Certifications - Roscioli Hotels Group. Retrieved from https://www.rosciolihotels.it/en/home-page/certifications.aspx.
Thomas, A. (2014). Al Bustan Rotana Dubai becomes ISO 14001 certified. Retrieved from https://www.constructionweekonline.com/business/article-29719-al-bustan-rotana-dubai-becomes-iso-14001-certified.
Top Hotel News. (2019). HPGI MEA awarded ISO standards 9001, 14001 & 45001. Retrieved from https://tophotel.news/hpgi-mea-awarded-iso-standards-9001-14001-45001/.
Travel News Asia. (2008). Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore awarded ISO 14001 certification. Retrieved from https://www.asiatraveltips.com/news08/62-ShangriLaHotel.shtml.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Learn about environmental management systems. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/ems/learn-about-environmental-management-systems.
Visit Monaco. (2014). The Novotel Monte-Carlo is awarded ISO 14001 Environmental Management Certification. Retrieved from https://www.visitmonaco.com/us/blog/25080/the-novotel-monte-carlo-is-awarded-iso-14001-environmental-management-certification.
Whitelaw, K. (2004). ISO 14001 environmental systems handbook (2nd ed). Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Yin, R.K. (2018). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Zafiro Hotels. (2021). Quality. Retrieved from https://www.zafirohotels.com/en/about-zafiro-hotels/quality/.
Zobel, T. (2013). ISO 14001 certification in manufacturing firms: a tool for those in need or an indication of greenness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 43, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.014