Flexible Education in Thai Higher Education: A Learning System Design Framework for Lifelong Learning
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Abstract
This article proposes a conceptual framework for designing a flexible learning system in Thai higher education, with the goal of promoting lifelong learning and accommodating learner diversity in an era of technological and societal change. The proposed framework comprises three key dimensions: 1) curriculum and content design, which includes time, content, and learning modes; 2) learner experience and agency, which encompasses place, learning technologies, and learner support systems; and 3) assessment and recognition of learning, covering assessment strategies, recognition of prior learning, and the implementation of a credit bank system. The framework is grounded in theoretical foundations, including andragogy, constructivism, self-directed learning, and learning design. Practical recommendations are also provided to guide institutional development, such as modular curriculum design, micro-credentials, and enhancing instructors’ capabilities to design personalized learning experiences.
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