Public Sector Innovations for Sustainable Community Development among Ethnic Groups in Northern Thailand: A Case Study of the Highland People Development Coordination Zone 3, Chiang Rai Province

Abstract

Highland ethnic community development must account for differences in identity, culture, geography, and access to public services. This qualitative study examined public-sector innovations, their contributions to sustainable community development, and related success factors and barriers in Highland People Development Coordination Area 3, Chiang Rai Province. Fourteen purposively selected informants included administrators, field officers, community leaders, and members of Karen, Akha, and Lahu communities. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted, with trustworthiness established through triangulation and member checking. The findings revealed a transition from centralized, paper-based administration to participatory governance supported by digital technologies and collaborative networks. Key innovations included the MSO Logbook, the MSDHS Care application, community and volunteer networks, and cross-sector collaboration. These innovations strengthened economic sustainability through digital marketing and value-added products; social sustainability through more accurate assistance for vulnerable households; environmental sustainability through technology integrated with local wisdom; and cultural sustainability through income generation while preserving ethnic identities. Success factors included strong community leadership, digital competencies, cross-sector collaboration,      and cultural capital. Barriers included inflexible regulations, limited resources, digital inequality, and project discontinuity. Public agencies should adopt context-responsive policies, inclusive digital services, and collaborative mechanisms that empower communities to co-design and drive equitable, sustainable development.